美国海军核潜艇舱室大气监测主分析仪器发展述评

舱室大气监测系统是核潜艇的重要组成部分之一,其运行效能直接影响舱室设备可靠运行、人员安全和健康。本文对美国核潜艇的大气监测技术的研究和应用情况进行了详细论述,重点介绍了已装艇应用近半个世纪的中央大气监测系统(Central Atmosphere Monitoring System,CAMS),以及近年来的最新技术探索。当前大气监测技术仍然难以完全满足核潜艇舱室大气监测需求,迫切需要结合最新科技成果,不断探索以提升监测仪器性能。     

船舶烧伤病房气流组织分析与优化

针对舰船舱室气流组织的形式特点,以烧伤病房作为研究对象建立数学模型,通过使用Airpak软件对烧伤病房不同设计方案下的气流组织进行了计算仿真,通过舱室温湿度,空气流速,热舒适指标等参数的对比,获得舱室的压力、温度、速度、热舒适性指标等的分布特性,对烧伤病房气流组织进行了分析并提出了优化方法,可以有效提高人员的舒适性和气流组织效果。     

气动弹簧在绞吸挖泥船低频振动控制中的应用

针对绞吸挖泥船铰刀旋转切削岩石时产生的低频振动问题,基于气动弹簧的结构形式、受力分析及固有频率低的特点,研究气动弹簧在绞吸挖泥船上的应用方案,并利用船体和生活楼的位移反馈信号控制气动弹簧减振系统的工作状态,同时还介绍了船舶设计过程中需注意的问题。     

6S60MC-C主机启动困难案例分析

文章针对6S60MC-C主机在启动压力低于2.2 MPa时容易启动、压力在2.2 ～2.8MPa难以启动、压力高于2.8 MPa时无法启动的奇怪现象进行分析、研究和探讨,找出解决问题的方法和途径,供船舶轮机员及维修人员参考.     

Origin–destination synthesis for aviation network data: examining hub operations in the domestic and international US markets

Hub‐and‐spoke networking is a key feature of current aviation markets in which hubs, as connecting points, function to consolidate and redistribute flows. This indicates that observation of traffic on a segment does not necessarily convey information about the origin to destination routing of passenger journeys because of the unavoidable detours in the system. This paper examines the heterogeneity of the flow composition in domestic and international US markets, which in turn allows us to observe the variation of operations across major hubs. A modified Route Flow Estimator for origin–destination synthesis (or origin–destination matrix estimation) is designed to decompose the segment traffic into itinerary‐based passenger trips. Several public and commercial databases, which are easily accessible, are exploited (and reconciled) for the model in order to (i) generate possible trip itineraries using those segment markets, and (ii) link data‐driven operational conditions with the underlying segment flows. The results are validated with US domestic trip observations and empirical knowledge related to the air transportation system. Then, the variability of the hub operations is examined based on sensitivity tests using the model parameters. From the resolution of itinerary‐based estimates, we observe that major airports' hub operations are spatially uneven, particularly with respect to domestic and international connecting passengers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

舰船机舱油雾浓度测试研究

本文采用计重法和气相色谱/质谱联用法对舰船机舱不同存在形态的油雾污染物进行浓度测试.结果表明:直通舱室的冒气口是舰船机舱油雾污染的主要来源,虽然油雾净化装置的净化效率高(90%以上),使舱室环境的油雾浓度保持在较低浓度水平(1.6~3.1 mg/m3),但机舱的空气质量状况与船员对于空气品质的要求还有较大差距.因此建议加强对油雾的排放控制,增强净化装置的处理能力,同时继续开展对机舱油雾的深化研究,切实改善和提高舱室的空气质量.     

囊式空气弹簧机械阻抗特性研究

根据小幅振动的线性叠加原理将囊式空气弹簧分成几个简单的可解析计算的规则区域,结合线性空气波动理论求解出空气弹簧内部声压场的分布。根据弹性薄壳无矩理论推导出旋转壳体状态向量的一阶常微分矩阵方程,利用齐次扩容精细积分法推导出壳体的传递矩阵,结合动力平衡方程求出空气弹簧在位移谐波激励下所受到的激励力,进而得出其机械阻抗。算例结果表明该方法合理可行,为运用近似解析法分析空气弹簧的阻抗特性提供了一种新的思路。     

密闭空间空气净化用滤材检测设备设计研究

随着机动车辆的普及,人们呆在密闭空间即驾乘室以及室内的时间会逐渐拉长,如何有效的控制密闭空间的PM2.5浓度值值得我们去探讨和研究。通过对密闭空间空气净化原理的分析,采用激光粒子计数方法,设计了密闭空间空气净化检验流程及相配套的检测设备,将密闭空间(含室内及驾乘室)大气中的PM2.5含量控制在标准要求的浓度值以内。     

某空压机共振故障的诊断与处理

船用设备共振状态的判断对故障诊断与处理十分重要。某空压机横向振动剧烈,为判断其是否处于共振状态,文章首先通过敲击法获得强噪声背景下的冲击响应信号,采取分时段频谱分析的方法粗略估计固有频率。然后,分别采用带通滤波和小波降噪的方法处理含噪信号,确定了系统横向一阶和二阶固有频率。其中,二阶固有频率与转频接近,从而导致共振故障。最后,采取更换隔振器的处理措施,系统横向固有频率增大70%,振动降低54.6%。     

A novel approach for the modelling of air quality dynamics in underground railway stations

Indoor air quality in subterranean train stations is a concern in many places around the globe. However, due to the specificity of each case, numerous parameters of the problem remain unknown, such as the braking discs particle emission rate, the ventilation rate of the station or the complete particle size distribution of the emitted particles. In this study the problem of modelling PM₁₀ concentration evolution in relation with train traffic is hence addressed with a particle-mass conservation model which parameters are fitted using a genetic algorithm. The parameters of the model allow to reproduce the dynamics and amplitude of four field data sets from the French and Swedish underground contexts and comply with realistic bounds in terms of emissions, deposition and ventilation rate.